Meet Generation Hot by Mark Hertsgaard Are You Ready for More by Essay

Meet Generation Hot by Mark Hertsgaard Are You Ready for More by Sharon Begley Cooler Heads Prevail Against Climate Panic by Jeff Jacoby - Essay Example She goes on to lament on how the whole world seem to be totally unconcerned about the coming treat. Because of the lack of concern, she argues that there is lack of preparedness for future risks and hazards associated with climate change and global warming. Finally, Jacoby brings up his own arguments on how the alarm raised on climate change is too frightening to be wholly true. He therefore argues that there is false alarm with the facts given about climate change. He proceeds to describe those who keep talking about climate change as scaremongers. His last argument is that the stable climate for the last 12,000 reported by Newsweek is a myth. Claims about climate change made in each text Reading through the texts presented by the three authors there can be a strong and outstanding case made about climate change by each of the authors. Hertgaard’s claim is that â€Å"no single event can ever be definitively attributed to global warming; weather results from many factors.â₠¬  He therefore points to both natural and man made causes as reasons behind the ever growing threat of climate change. Indeed, science has done a lot to warn the world of thins we can do as a people to reduce the threat of climate change but there seem to be very little warning coming in as to how we can reduce the effects of natural causes of climate change. From Begley’s context, there is a strong claim that the harsh conditions associated with climate change will continue. This is to say that climate change has not shown its worse forms yet and that though the world has had a lot to cry about concerning the devastating effects of climate change, there still remains a lot more to worry about if steps will not be taken to prevent the phenomenon. Jacoby’s claim on climate change also has to do with the causes of it whereby he pays tribute to natural factors as the major causes of climate change rather than man-made factors. The author simply opposes that carbon emiss ion and other industrial activities can be the most contributing factors. Claims made in these texts contradict one another and where they are similar Hertgaard and Jacoby make contradictory claims on the major causes of climate change. Whereas Hertgaard believes that larger portion of the cause of climate change is man made and so calls on parents of the Hot Generation to advise their children to stop the phenomenon, Jacoby refers such claims as scaremongering just as was made of the end time on May 21. Between Begley and Jacoby also, there is some level of contradiction on the effect of carbon emission on climate change. Whereas greater part of Begley’s argument is directed towards industrialization and for that matter carbon emission, Jacoby believes that the fight against carbon emission cannot be totally right as industrialization is needed and important for development. There are however similarities in the various articles. For example Hertgaard and Begley all point to industrialization as a serious global threat when it comes to climate change. Indeed, there is no denying the fact that industrialization is very necessary for the advanced development of the world. However, the practice could be given a more environmentally friendly face. Research should continue on how industrialization can be continued without its accompanying practices that lead to carbon emission. Indeed there should be an era in industrialization where carbon emission will be

Destination Trends And Future Predictions

Destination Trends And Future Predictions Tourism takes place in the environment, which is made up of both human and natural features. The human environment comprises economic, social and cultural factors and processes. The natural environment is made up of plants and animals in their habitat. It is possible to make a distinction between the human environment and the natural environment and this is particularly useful when discussing the impacts of tourism. However, it is important to note that, in a real setting, the human environment and the natural environment are interwoven and human activity is both affected by and has effects on the natural environment. The main tourist destinations and generators of the world in terms of visitor numbers and income generation International travel, prior to the 1960s, was still largely the preserve of a wealthy minority who had the time as well as money to afford long distance sea or air travel. Major changes in the second half of the twentieth century led to the rapid and massive growth of the phenomenon known as modern tourism. For example, these changes contributed to the Pacific Region/South East Asia becoming the fastest growing area for international tourism in the last 30 years. In 1975, South East Asia and the Pacific Region accounted for only 4 percent of international tourist arrivals, but by 1995 the share of world arrivals had increased to almost 15 percent (Pearce, 1995) and by 2006 to 20 percent (WTO, 2007). It should be noted that this change has occurred at a time when tourist numbers were growing globally. Determination of tourism destination trends and future trends Not only have peoples motivations and expectations of holidays changed, but geography plays a major part. Where tourism experiences can be obtained is itself subject to variations in demand and, hence, supply. For instance, in the 1970s it was not sufficient just to get a suntan, but where one got it was vital (Prosser, 1994). In the early 1960s, in Britain getting a suntan in Brighton or Blackpool was sufficient, by the early 1970s to achieve the desired status the tan had to be brought back to Britain from Benidorm and by the 1980s it had to have been obtained in Belize. In Australia, Bondi Beach would have been good enough for most sun-seekers in the 1970s, but, by the 1980s, to really enhance ones status it was necessary to get the tan in Bali! However, the reference to Bali emphasizes the unpredictability of tourism. Visitor numbers and receipts of tourism destinations The increase in the share of international tourist arrivals in the Pacific Region, therefore, indicates a very significant increase in actual tourists between 1975 and 2006. There were approximately 78 million visitor arrivals in the Pacific Region/South East Asia in 1995 (Pearce, 1995). This compares with approximately 100 million in the combined area of North and South America and 305 million in Europe in 1995 (Pearce, 1995). With approximately 55 percent of international arrivals, Europe remained, in the early part of the twenty-first century, the single most important region for international travel arrivals (WTO, 2007). In fact, Europe had five countries in the top ten tourism destinations in 2006. France, Spain, Italy, the United Kingdom and Germany, with France and Spains combined totals accounting for 14 per cent of total international arrivals (WTO, 2007). Demonstration of creative thinking for tourism In the last 15 years or so of the twentieth century, changing attitudes also contributed to a re-evaluation of the nature of the tourist experience. Accompanying the growing realization that tourism takes place in finite geographical space, was the notion that it consumes environmental resources (McKercher, 1993). Increasingly, tourists became concerned about the effects their activities were having on the environment (Fennell, 1999). This led to the growth of what some consider as more environment-friendly forms of tourism, such as ecotourism (Wearing and Neil, 1999). Additionally, some tourists sought experiences that would give them more contact with the population in the destination region and potentially contribute more to the local economy. 2.1. Cultural, social and physical features of tourist destinations It has indicated that although tourism impacts tend to be multi-faceted, it is conventional to subdivide them under the following headings: economic, socio-cultural and environmental. It is also conventional to present tourism impacts as either positive or negative. This assignment has indicated that such categorization depends upon the value position of the observer. As impacts tend to be multi-faceted, often having a combination of economic, social and environmental dimensions, it may be not that straightforward to classify impacts at one particular tourism destination under the heading of either solely positive or negative. It is quite likely that there is a combination of impacts of tourism in relation to a destination and some of these impacts may be viewed as positive, while others are seen as negative. All factors discussed there are important in relation to socio-cultural impacts. Clearly, a key influence is who is involved and the activities engaged in will be significant. O f particular importance, in relation to socio-cultural impacts of tourism, is the nature of both visitors and host populations. 2.2. Comparison of the features of top contrasting tourist destinations In addition to this data, is the projection that jobs in tourism are likely to increase steadily during the early part of this century, unlike jobs in other economic sectors. These macro-level figures, however, hide the unbalanced nature of global tourism. One continent alone, South East Asia, was the single most important tourist destination with over half of all international visitor arrivals in the early part of the twenty-first century and most international arrivals of tourists in Asia were visits from the European countries. 2.3. Comparison and contrast between the features of one developing and one leading tourist destination However, the public sector in many developed countries has what may appear at face value to be contradictory roles. Governments may not only attempt to regulate tourism, but they also have a role in marketing tourism (Mason and Mowforth, 1995; Seaton and Bennett, 1996). Marketing is usually associated with promoting tourism, hence not controlling or regulating it. However, there are examples when marketing is used as a controlling measure. Such an example is that employed by the government agency, English Heritage and the NGO and the National Trust of England. These organizations work together in the marketing and management of two prehistoric sites in England. Stonehenge is the most visited prehistoric stone circle site in the United Kingdom 2.4. Identification of cultural, social and physical features One of the more significant socio-cultural impacts of tourism is referred to as the demonstration effect. This depends on there being visible differences between tourists and hosts. Such a situation arises in many developing countries. In the demonstration effect, it is theorized, that simply observing to action adopted by an agency, such as a government body. Public policy is, therefore, what governments decide to do or not to do (Dye, 1992). However, it is important to note that planning is not just a process conducted by the government. Private sector organizations, (in tourism this would include, for example, tour operators and airlines), prepare careful plans and usually have a number of policies through which they operation these plans. 3.1. Evaluation of the appeal of a current leading tourist destination Some of the more beneficial impacts of tourism on society include the following: the creation of employment; the revitalization of poor or non-industrialized regions; the rebirth of local arts and crafts and traditional cultural activities; the revival of social and cultural life of the local population; the renewal of local architectural traditions; and the promotion of the need to conserve areas of outstanding beauty which have aesthetic and cultural value (Mason, 1995). In developing countries, in particular, tourism can encourage greater social mobility through changes in employment from traditional agriculture to service industries and may result in higher wages and better job prospects. 3.2. The effect of the characteristics of a tourist destination It is clear that the resources for tourism, particularly the natural and semi-natural environmental features, but also man-made components of the environment that have become attractions, are actually finite. This has led to calls to make these resources in particular, but also the field of tourism generally, more sustainable. With reference to specific destinations, a complete halt to tourism development may be considered desirable by some members of the community, and in a number of cases this may be a majority view, but it is unlikely that tourism growth will be stopped. 3.3. Evaluation and justification for the current leading and developing tourist destinations The fact that tourism impacts are multi-faceted contributes to them being difficult to plan for and manage. There are a number of different organizations, groups, and individuals that have an important role to play in tourism planning and management. These key players, in the form of tourists, host community members, industry members, government representatives, and to a lesser extent the media and voluntary organizations, are involved in the day-to-day problems of tourism. In most democratic countries, at least, these individuals, groups, and organizations are in a position to play an active part in tourism planning and management. 4.1. The issues that affect the popularity of tourist destinations The future of tourism in Bali is far from clear after the terrorist bombings at Kuta in October 2002 and the second bombings in almost the same area in October 2005. Bali has become heavily dependent on tourism and what happens after these events may indicate whether the island, in the longer term has become economically over-dependent on tourism. Similar issues to those of Bali in its early stages of tourism development can be found in the Himalayan country, Nepal. As in Bali, tourism was relatively unimportant until the second half of the twentieth century, but more recently has come to be very significant to the economy of Nepal. Nepal, the fourth poorest country in the world, is a landlocked Himalayan kingdom relying on access to imports via India. Throughout the period of European global exploration, dating from about 1400 until as recently as the 1950s, Nepal was almost inaccessible and hence it holds attractions for significant numbers of potential tourists. Tourism began in the early 1960s but took off in the 1970s. 4.2. The potential for responsible tourism to enhance the host community at worldwide tourist destinations International visitors generally demand easy access to facilities, and these need to be of a relatively high standard, particularly toilets and washing facilities. International visitors also demand good signage, clear notice boards, good maps and sufficiently well-serviced campsites. International visitor numbers are likely to increase significantly in the next 10-15 years, while domestic visitors will remain almost constant. Hence the pressure will be to improve and increase facilities for the international visitor, but this is likely to be opposed by domestic visitors. 4.3. Methods to control issues affecting popularity of tourist destination Visitor management has been used by a number of different agencies and organizations, at different scales and in a variety of locations. In some countries, it has become a major tool in an attempting to control visitor flows. In the United Kingdom, for example, a government task force produced a tourism report that had visitor management as a key strategy. This report, maintaining the Balance, from the UK Ministry of Environment/Department of Employment and published in 1991, focused on the relationship between the environment and the visitor and suggested that there are three main ways of managing visitors. These are as follows: controlling the number of visitors either by limiting numbers to match capacity, or spreading the number throughout the year, rather than having them concentrated in time in a focused tourist season; modifying visitor behavior; Adapting the resource in ways to enable it to cope with the volume of visitors, and hence become less damaged. In relation to the first of these three methods, that of controlling the numbers of visitors, the report suggested that the initial task is to determine the carrying capacity. 4.4. Managing and organizing activities to enhance potential for responsible tourism Managing visitors is one of the important ways of managing the impacts of tourism, particularly impacts on the environment, but in addition managing socio-cultural and economic impacts. Visitor management has been viewed in the past 25 years or so as a significant way to attempt to reduce the negative impacts of tourism. Often, this has been through attempts to divert tourists from areas with large volumes of tourists, the so-called honey pots. Another approach has been to minimize the negative impacts at popular site by hardening (e.g. resurfacing paths and footpaths), or by schemes such as park and ride which keep cars out of the immediate environment of a popular attraction. Conclusion: Impacts in terms of visitor numbers were geographically patchy, as Southeast Asia and urban areas appear to have been far less affected during the summer of 2001 than rural areas, and may even have benefited from the restrictions on access to rural areas. The government made reassuring promises that it would not close down the countryside and therefore negatively affect leisure and tourism pursuits.

Solar Cell :: essays research papers fc

Solar cells Solar cells today are mostly made of silicon, one of the most common elements on Earth. The crystalline silicon solar cell was one of the first types to be developed and it is still the most common type in use today. They do not pollute the atmosphere and they leave behind no harmful waste products. Photovoltaic cells work effectively even in cloudy weather and unlike solar heaters, are more efficient at low temperatures. They do their job silently and there are no moving parts to wear out. It is no wonder that one marvels on how such a device would function. To understand how a solar cell works, it is necessary to go back to some basic atomic concepts. In the simplest model of the atom, electrons orbit a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons. each electron carries one negative charge and each proton one positive charge. Neutrons carry no charge. Every atom has the same number of electrons as there are protons, so, on the whole, it is electrically neutral. The electrons have discrete kinetic energy levels, which increase with the orbital radius. When atoms bond together to form a solid, the electron energy levels merge into bands. In electrical conductors, these bands are continuous but in insulators and semiconductors there is an "energy gap", in which no electron orbits can exist, between the inner valence band and outer conduction band [Book 1]. Valence electrons help to bind together the atoms in a solid by orbiting 2 adjacent nucleii, while conduction electrons, being less closely bound to the nucleii, are free to move in response to an applied voltage or electric field. The fewer conduction electrons there are, the higher the electrical resistivity of the material. In semiconductors, the materials from which solar sells are made, the energy gap Eg is fairly small. Because of this, electrons in the valence band can easily be made to jump to the conduction band by the injection of energy, either in the form of heat or light [Book 4]. This explains why the high resistivity of semiconductors decreases as the temperature is raised or the material illuminated. The excitation of valence electrons to the conduction band is best accomplished when the semiconductor is in the crystalline state, i.e. when the atoms are arranged in a precise geometrical formation or "lattice". At room temperature and low illumination, pure or so-called "intrinsic" semiconductors have a high resistivity. But the resistivity can be greatly reduced by "doping", i.e. introducing a very small amount of impurity, of the order of one in a million atoms. There are 2 kinds of

American Literature and English Language Teaching Essay

M. A. Course in English shall comprise 4 semesters. Each semester shall have 4 courses. In all, there shall be 16 courses of 5 credits each. Each course shall carry 100 marks. Of these, 70 marks shall be reserved for theory (end-Semester examination) and 30 marks for tutorials/seminars (internal assessment). However, in course 5, titled â€Å"Linguistics and English Language Teaching†, only 50 marks shall be reserved for theory (end-Semester examination), 20 marks for Practical/Viva-voce exam and 30 marks for tutorial/seminars (internal assessment). Of these courses, Course Nos. 1 to 11, 13 and 14 shall be treated as Core Courses, Course nos. 12 and 15 as Elective Courses and Course No. 16 as Allied Elective Course open even to the students of other departments/faculties. The starred items are meant for detailed study. The theory component of each paper shall be of three hours’ duration. Pattern of Question Papers 1]The pattern of question paper in respect of course nos. 1,8,11,13,14,15,16 (Indian Literature in Translation, Women Writing and European Literature in Translation) shall be as follows: Section A (a) Two Long-Answer-Type Questions (500 words each) with internal choice – 2Ãâ€"12=24 Section B. (b) Six Short-Answer-Type Questions (200 words each) out of nine questions– 6Ãâ€"6=36 Section C (c) Ten Objective-Type Questions to be answered in a word or sentence each – 10Ãâ€"1=10 2]The pattern of question paper in respect of course nos. 2,3,4,6,7,9,10,12,16 (New Literatures in English) shall be as follows: Section A (a) Two Long-Answer-Type Questions (500 words each) with internal choice – 2Ãâ€"12 =24 Section B (b) Three passages for explanation out of 5 passages from the starred items to be answered in 200 words each – –3Ãâ€"6 = 18 Section C (c) Three Short-Answer-Type Questions out of 5 questions to be answered in 200 words each – – 3Ãâ€"6 = 18. Section D d) Ten Objective-Type Questions to be answered in a word or sentence each – 10Ãâ€"1=10 3]The pattern of question paper in respect of Course No. 5 (Linguistics and English Language Teaching) shall be as follows: Section A (a) Two Long-Answer-Type Questions (500 words each) with internal choice – 2Ãâ€"10=20 Section B (b) Four Short-Answer-Type Questions (200 words each) out of six questions – 4Ãâ€"5=20 Section C (c) Ten Objective-Type Questions to be answered in a word or sentence each – 10Ãâ€"1=10 SEMESTER I Course 1: Introduction to Linguistics – ENG – 101 1. (a)Key properties of Language b) Language varieties. 2. (a)Major concerns of Psycholinguistics and Sociolinguistics b) Historical approach, Descriptive approach 3. Major concepts in Linguistics: a) Syntagmatic and Paradigmetic axes b) Differential Calculous c) Constituent Structure d) Transformations and Deep Structure 4. Stylistics, its methods and limitations. Course 2: Poetry I (Chaucer to Blake) – ENG – 102 Chaucer:Prologue to Canterbury Tales (Modern version) *Shakespeare’s Sonnets No. 18, 30, 63, 130 *Milton:Paradise Lost, Book I *Donne:The Blossom, The Canonization, The Good Morrow Marvell:To His Coy Mistress *Pope:The Rape of the Lock. *Gray:Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard *Blake:The Tiger, Ah! Sun-flower Course 3: Drama I (Marlowe to Wilde excluding Shakespeare) – ENG – 103 *Webster:The Duchess of Malfi *Marlowe:Dr. Faustus *Jonson:The Alchemist Congreve:The Way of the World *Wilde:The Importance of Being Earnest Origin and Growth of the British Theatre Course 4: Prose– ENG – 104 *Bacon:Of Truth; Of Death; Of Adversity; Of Great Place; Of Parents and Children Addison & Steele:Of the Club; The Coverley Household; Labour and Exercise; Sir Roger at the Theatre (Coverley Papers from the Spectator, ed. K. Deighton, Macmillan). *Lamb:Christ Hospital; New Year’s Eve; Imperfect Sympathies *Carlyle:Hero as Man of Letters Russell:Science and War; Science and Values (from The Impact of Science on Society) Huxley:Tragedy and the Whole Truth (from W. E. Williams, ed. A Book of English Essays) SEMESTER II Course 5: Linguistics and English Language Teaching– ENG – 201 1. Phonology:(a) Speech mechanism and the Organs of Speech (b) Consonants, Vowels, Diphthongs (c) Phoneme (d) Stress, Intonation 2. Morphology:Morphemes: Words and Affixes 3. Syntax:(a) I. C. Analysis and its limits (b) Transformations of Movement, Addition, Substitution, Deletion. (c) Coordination and Subordination 4. English Language Teaching:(a) Direct Method (b) Audiolingual Method (c) Communicative Language Teaching (d) Error Analysis (e) Teaching skills of Language: listening, speaking, reading, writing. (f) Testing Course 6: Poetry II (Wordsworth to Arnold) – ENG – 202 *Wordsworth:The Prelude, Book I *Coleridge:Kubla Khan *Shelley:Adonais *Keats:Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn *Tennyson:Ulysses, The Lotos Eaters *Browning:Rabbi Ben Ezra, Porphyria’s Lover *Arnold:The Scholar Gypsy Course 7: Drama II (Shakespeare) – ENG – 203 Henry IV, Part I. Twelfth Night *Hamlet *The Tempest Shakespeare Criticism: Dr. Johnson, Bradley, Wilson Knight, Caroline Spurgeon, Stephen Greenblatt. Course 8: Fiction I (Defoe to Hardy) – ENG – 204 Defoe:Moll Flanders Fielding:Joseph Andrews Austen:Emma Dickens:Great Expectations Eliot:Middlemarch Hardy:Tess of the D’urbervilles SEMESTER III Course 9: Poetry III (Hopkins to Ted Hughes) – ENG – 301 *Hopkins:Pied Beauty; The Windhover; Carrion Comfort *Yeats:Sailing to Byzantium; Byzantium; No Second Troy; Coole Park and Ballyle *Eliot:The Waste Land *Auden:In Memory of W. B. Yeats; The Shield of Achilles. *Larkin:Church Going; Next, please; At Grass *Ted Hughes:The Thought-Fox; Hawk Roosting Course 10: Drama III (Twentieth Century Drama) – ENG – 302 *Shaw:Man and Superman *Yeats:Countess Cathleen *Eliot:Murder in the Cathedral *Beckett:Waiting for Godot *Pinter:The Birthday Party Course 11: Literary Criticism & Theory 1– ENG – 303 Aristotle:On the Art of Poetry Bharatamuni:On Natya and Rasa: Aesthetics of Dramatic Experience Anandavardhana:Dhvani: Structure of Poetic Meaning Dryden:Essay on Dramatic Poesy Wordsworth:Preface to Lyrical Ballads Coleridge:Biographia Literaria (Chs. XIII, XVII & XVIII) Arnold:The Study of Poetry (Essays in Criticism Book II) Course 12: Indian Literature in English I – ENG – EL-3. 1 *Tagore:Thou hast made me endless; Leave this chanting and singing; I am like a remnant of a cloud; In one salutation to thee (Gitanjali) *Sri Aurobindo:Savitri Book I Canto I (Passages for explanation to be set from the first 64 lines) *Girish Karnad:Nag-Mandala The following poets from Ten Twentieth Century Indian Poets ed. R. Parthasarathy (OUP): *Nissim Ezekiel:Poet, Lover, Birdwatcher; Background, Casually; Enterprise *Jayant Mahapatra:Grass, Lost. *A. K. Ramanujan:A River; Love Poem for a Wife I; Obituary *Kamala Das:My Grandmother’s House; A Hot Noon in Malabar; The Invitation OR American Literature I– ENG – EL-3. 2 The following from American Literature of the Nineteenth Century (Eurasia) and American Literature 1890-1965 (Eurasia): Emerson:The American Scholar, Self-Reliance, The Over-Soul Poe:*The Raven, The Fall of the House of Usher, The Philosophy of Composition Whitman:*When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d, Passage to India *Wallace Stevens:The Emperor of Ice-cream, Sunday Morning. *Emily Dickinson:I Taste a Liquor Never Brewed, I Felt a Funeral in My Brain, The Soul Selects Her Own Society, Because I Could not Stop for Death, These Are the Days When Birds Come *Tennessee Williams:A Streetcar Named Desire Edward Albee:Zoo Story SEMESTER IV Course 13: Fiction II– ENG–401 Conrad:Heart of Darkness Woolf:Mrs. Dalloway Joyce:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Lawrence:Women in Love Kingsley Amis:Lucky Jim Course 14: Literary Criticism & Theory II – ENG – 402 Eliot:Tradition and the Individual Talent; The Function of Criticism; Hamlet (Selected Essays) Richards:Principles of Literary Criticism (Chs.IV-XV, XXI, XXXIV, XXXV and Appendix A – On Value) Ransom:A Note on Ontology (Twentieth Century Criticism: The Major Statements, eds. Handy and Westbrook) The following critics from David Lodge, ed. Modern criticism and Theory : A Reader (London : Longman, 1988) The following critics from David Lodge, ed. Modern Criticism and Theory: A Reader (London: Longman, 1988) Saussure:Nature of the Linguistic Sign Derrida:Structure, Sign and Play in the discourse of the human Sciences Said:Crisis (in Orientialism) Showalter:Feminist criticism in the Wilderness Eagleton:Capitalism, Modernism and Postmodernism. Course 15: Indian Literature in English II – ENG – EL-4. 1 Mulk Raj Anand:Untouchable R. K. Narayan:The Financial Expert Raja Rao:The Serpent and the Rope Anita Desai:Voices in the City Salman Rushdie:Midnight’s Children Amitav Ghosh:The Shadow Lines Jawahar Lal Nehru:An Autobiography OR American Literature II – ENG – EL-4. 2 Hawthorne:The Scarlet Letter Melville:Billy Budd Faulkner:Light in August Hemingway:A Farewell to Arms Ralph Ellison:Invisible Man Saul Bellow:Humboldt’s Gift Course 16: Indian Literature in Translation – ENG – EL-4. 3 The following poets from Oxford Anthology of Modern Indian Poetry eds. Vinay Dharwadker & A. K. Ramanujan: Sitanshu Yashashchandra:Drought V Indira Bhavani:Avatars Ali Sardar Jafri:Morsel Paresh Chandra Raut:Snake Tagore:Homecoming; My Lord, The Baby Shrilal Shukla:Rag Darbari Tendulkar:Ghasiram Kotwal Ananthamurthy:Samskara Translation, Theory and Practice OR New Literatures in English – ENG – EL-4. 4 The following poets from An Anthology of Commonwealth Poetry ed. C D Narasimhaiah, Macmillan: *A. D. Hope:Australia; The Death of the Bird *Atwood:Journey to the Interior *A. K. Ramanujan:Death and the Good Citizen; Waterfalls in a Bank (The Collected Poems of A.K. Ramanujan, OUP) *Agha Shahid Ali:Showman; The Season of the Plains (Twelve Modern Indian Poets ed. A. K. Mehrotra, OUP) Chinua Achebe:Things Fall Apart V. S. Naipaul:A House for Mr. Biswas Wole Soyinka:The Road Patrick White:Voss Nadine Gordimer:The Burger’s Daughter OR Women Writing– ENG – EL-4. 5 The following poets from The Faber Book of 20th Century Women’s Poetry ed. Fleur Adcock: Margaret Atwood:Siren Song Adrienne Rich:Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law U A Fanthorpe:Not My Best Side Sylvia Plath:Lady Lazurus Gwendolyn Brooks:A Sunset of the City Shashi Deshpande:That Long Silence  Charlotte Bronte:Jane Eyre Tony Morrison:Beloved Mary Wollstonecraft:A Vindication of the Rights of Women John Stuart Mill: The Subjection of Women Virginia Woolf:A Room of One’s Own OR European Literature in Translation – ENG – EL-4. 6 Sophocles:Oedipus the King Dostoevsky:Crime and Punishment Flaubert:Madam Bovary Kafka:â€Å"Metamorphosis† Alberto Moravia:The Woman of Rome Brecht:Mother Courage Baudelaire:Les Fleurs du mal (Flower of Evil) Rilke:The Sonnets to Orpheus No. X; The First Elegy (Duino Elegies); The Poet, Remembrance (from Collected Poems of Rainer Maria Rilke, Modern Library, New York). l

DICOM VS Captiva Case Study Essay

1. What are the key business success factors and risks for DICOM and Captiva? DICOM is a Swiss company that has sales in Europe, Asia, and the United States. They provide services ranging from structured, semi-structured, and unstructured information capture products. DICOM also sells hardware, primarily scanners, through its group sales force. DICOM has differentiated their product offering for the different regions that it operates. And the products that are provided are developed through research and development and also acquisitions. This allows DICOM to provide a diverse set of products that can cover many markets and many different users. DICOM operates in the U.S. under Kofax capture software that was bought in 2004 and primarily offers the information capture software’s to their consumers. There are risks in this industry. DICOM operates in many different markets and is subject to inflation, interest, and foreign currency risks. DICOM operates in three different geographic segments that are managed independently of each other. Each market has their own inherent risks and DICOM needs to be aware of every possible circumstance in order to remain prosperous. Captiva Corporation is a U.S. based company that provides similar services as DICOM. Captiva sells structure, semi-structured, and unstructured information capture products, but also sells hardware. Captiva uses its own research and development, as well as strategic acquisitions to provide customers with the different types of information capture products. Captiva sells primarily in the United States, but is able to sell in the areas of insurance, financial services, technology, government, and manufacturing. Involvement in so many distinct markets allows Captiva to hedge their risks better against harsh economic times and different interest rate risks. Additionally, Captiva has a large chain of resellers, which accounts for nearly 39% of revenues. Future profits will best be achieved by leveraging to existing customer base, increase reseller sales, moving into new markets, and broadening the product offering. But like DICOM, Captiva has business risks that they need to be aware of in their industry. Captiva has 80% of their sales in the United and States and cannot hedge their risks if a crisis develops in that country. Captiva has a large amount of revenues coming from resellers and a drop in this segment could lose the company millions. 2. Do the financial statements for the two firms enable you to compare their performance? If not, what changes need to be made to ensure comparability? The financial statements are for two different governmental requirements from two different countries. DICOM operates under the European system of IFRS and Captiva operates under GAAP. With this said, just looking at the financial statements makes it extremely difficult to determine performance. To be able to make a comparison between the two companies easier, their needs to be a reconciliation of the two different accounting systems. IFRS and GAAP need to be put together to form one individual accounting entity. What exactly need to be changed are the standards. When looking at the balance sheet, you are able to see just how different the systems operate. In GAAP, cash is the first line, but in IFRS Fixed assets are the first line. Changing to a consolidated system would allow for the best way to make an accurate comparison between t wo firms in different geographical regions. 3. What financial ratios would you use to judge performance of DICOM and Captiva? How do they compare on these dimensions? The financial ratio used to give us a better assessment of performance is return on equity. Return on equity is the amount of income earned from shareholder investments. And this gives us a look at how much money a company is able to generate from their shareholders. Return on equity is profit margin X asset turnover X financial leverage. The table below shows the ROE for the two companies in the periods of 2003 and 2004. As we can tell from the chart, Captiva earns more money per dollar of shareholder investment than DICOM. To further get a better understanding of the companies, we can use financial, liquidity, and debt ratios to measure performance. DICOM has a better return on assets than Captiva, but not by much. So, we can determine that they both are similar in this area. Captiva has higher gross margins and lower debt than DICOM. So, it is predictable that Captiva has access to money faster and can leverage this pool of resources to invest in R&D and acquiring new companies. 4. Which company do you rate as the better investment? WHY? Both companies are in a fast paced, technology based industry. Before investing, you need to do the proper due diligence into all functions of the business before investing. In this case, it is decided that we would invest in Captiva. Captiva is a U.S. based company that is diversified into many different sectors. They sell to government, insurance, technology, and manufacturing. This would help them hedge against economic risks. Captiva is also not as affected by inflation, currency, and interest rate risk as DICOM. Captiva also is currently providing a higher return on equity on their investments. This shows that the money that is provided is being used efficiently. Captiva seems to be doing well in the U.S. domestic market and has a secondary reseller section that provides stability and consistent revenues. Captiva seems to be the company that can provide the growth and sufficient returns on investments that we are currently look for.

Body Essay Preparation

Mind/Body Essay Preparation Mind/Body Essay Preparation Some students may believe that writing an essay is relatively simple and doesn’t require much effort. This assumption couldn’t be further from the truth. Writing requires a lot of time and energy. Like most activities that require effort (exercise, working, cooking), writing an essay requires some preparation for both mind and body. Here are some tips to mentally and physically prepare yourself to write: Get organized Gather research materials and organize them before buckling down to write. When it comes to gathering sources from different publications, write each of them on a piece of paper and summarize the key points you wish to include in your essay. This helps save time and prevent clutter on your workspace. Minimize distractions If you are working in a public library and prefer to listen to music to concentrate, use a pair of earphones and lower the volume of your device to prevent distracting others. If you enjoy working in silence, use a pair of noise-cancelling headphones to block out distractions. Clear your mind of lingering issues or concerns; plan to deal with them after you finish. Eat in advance Avoid eating unhealthy snacks before writing and switch to brain-boosting foods like eggs, nuts, or yogurt to aid your concentration and focus. Remember to drink enough water. Inspiration/Dedication What motivates you to write this essay? Is it to earn a good grade? If so, focus on what you want to achieve and remember to set deadlines for yourself. Motivate yourself to begin, but forge on with discipline. If you’re not well-rested or fed, writing an essay can be more time-consuming than it needs to be. Take time for yourself and the writing will flow more easily. understands the importance of writing essays and other academic papers on a deadline. Whether you are in a high school, undergraduate, masters, or doctoral program, we offer academic writing services to help you achieve your goals. Our team of accredited writers can provide quality and original writing and use anti-plagiarism tools and resources.

Rbi Organisational Chart Essay Example

Rbi Organisational Chart Essay Example Rbi Organisational Chart Essay Rbi Organisational Chart Essay RESERVE BANK OF INDIA : ORGANISATION CENTRAL BOARD OF DIRECTORS GOVERNOR Dr. D. SUBBARAO DEPUTY GOVERNORS Dr. K. C. CHAKRABARTY Dr. SUBHIR GOKARN SHRI ANAND SINHA SHRI H. R. KHAN Co-ordination Work Executive Directors Department of Currency Management (Dr. N. Krishna Mohan, CGM) Financial Markets Department Shri V. K. Sharma Rural Planning Credit Department (Smt. Deepali Pant Joshi, CGM-inCharge) Customer Service Department (Shri Rajesh Verma, CGM) (G. Mahalingam, Chief General Manager) Financial Stability Unit (Dr. Rabi. N. Mishra, CGM) Secretarys Department (Smt. Grace E. Koshie, CGM Secretary) Central Vigilance Cell (Shri Kaza Sudhakar, Chief Vigilance Officer) Department of Communication (Alpana Killawala, CGM) Right to Information Department of Expenditure Budgetary Control (Smt Deepa Srivastava, CGM-inCharge) Shri V. S. Das (also First Appellate Authority under Right to Information Act) Shri G. Gopalakrishna Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Monetary Policy Department (Dr. Janak Raj, Adviser-in-Charge) Department of Economic and Policy Research (Shri B M Misra, Officer-inCharge) Department of Statistics Information Management (Shri A. B. Chakraborty, Officer-inCharge) Shri D. K. Mohanty Urban Banks Department (Shri A. Udgata, CGM-in-Charge) Shri S. Karuppasamy (also Alternate Appellate Authority under Right to Information Act) Premises Department (Shri K. R Ananda, CGM) Legal Department (Shri G. S. Hegde, Principal Legal Adviser) Department of Administration and Personnel Management Shri R. Gandhi Central Security Cell (Major General (Retd. ) Soli N. Pavri, Security Adviser) Internal Debt Management Department (Shri K. K. Vohra, CGM) Department of External Investments Operations (Smt. Madumita Sarkar Deb, CGM –in– Charge) Department of Non-Banking Supervision (Smt. Uma Subramaniam, CGM-inCharge) Department of Government Bank Accounts (Shri A. K. Bera, CGM) Inspection Department (including Internal Audit) (Shri Karunasagar, CGM) Department of Payment and Settlement Systems (Shri Vijay Chugh, CGM) Foreign Exchange Department (Smt Meena Hemchandra, CGM-in-Charge) Human Resource and Management Department (Shri Sandip Ghose, CGM in – Charge) Rajbhasha Department Shri P. Vijaya Bhaskar Department of Banking Supervision (Shri G. Jaganmohan Rao, CGMin-Charge) Shri. B. Mahapatra Department of Banking Operations and Development (Shri Deepak Singhal CGM-inCharge) Shri G. Padmanabhan Department of Information Technology (Dr. A. S. Ramasastri, CGM)

Meet Zapier CoSchedules Latest Integration [NEW FEATURE]

Meet Zapier s Latest Integration [NEW FEATURE] Managing a marketing team with MULTIPLE tools Is more than tough†¦ It’s CHAOS. You end up spending a majority of your day jumping from screen to screen. Commenting on the SAME updates in a hundred different places. And wasting a huge portion of your day on mundane tasks. If only there was a way to sync all your productivity tools in ONE place ;) Introducing ’s latest integrationZapier!  Connect your favorite tools + automate your workflows with your NEW secret weapon. Meet @Zapier: @’s Latest IntegrationWith Zapier, you can: Automatically sync all your productivity tools in ONE place. No more jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! With Zapier, you can easily sync all your events, tasks, content AND projects from other tools directly into your calendar. Eliminate mundane tasks + duplicative efforts! With the Zapier integration, you can easily set up automatic workflows that put time back on your calendar so you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Which means you can spend less time worrying about tracking + managing a million different tools†¦ and finally have time to focus on projects that *actually* matter to your business. 😎 Automatically Sync All Your Productivity Tools In ONE Place As marketing lead, you have a THOUSAND things to manage. (And honestly, you like it!) But constantly jumping from screen to screen to keep track of everything across multiple applications†¦ that’s the part that’s not so fun. #truth Luckily, with Zapier, you can stop jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! Easily sync all your events, tasks, content AND projects from other tools directly into your calendar. Let’s dive into how it works. Sync Up Your Events Have trouble managing the thousand events you have scattered between Google Calendar and ? Set up a Zapier integration to create an event in any time a new event is added in Google Calendar. Sync Up Your Tasks You love your project management tool, but you also love . The problem? You waste precious time tediously adding the SAME tasks in both tools. *sigh* But it doesn’t have to be that way. 😠 Easily sync up your tasks inside from Asana, Trello, Basecamp 2, Basecamp 3, or Wrike by setting up a Zapier integration! Sync Up Your Content Tired of managing content between multiple applications? Set up a Zapier integration to create content in any time a new card is added in Trello, or a new row is added in Google Sheets. Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen, save time, and easily manage your ALL your content in . Sync Up Your Projects Managing large projects is already hard enough. But having to jump between multiple applications to keep track of the SAME projects? It’s insanity. Luckily, with a little help from Zapier, you can get all your projects in one place! Easily set up a Zapier integration to create a marketing project in any time a new project is added in Basecamp 2, Basecamp 3, or Asanawhen a new event is added in Google Calendaror when a new row is added in Google Sheets! Which means you can stop jumping from screen to screen (and focus on executing your projects instead). No matter how many tools you use (or what tools you use)†¦ With Zapier, it’s easy to automatically sync every  event, task, piece of content, AND project in one place! Eliminate Mundane Tasks + Duplicative Efforts! When you spend half your day copy/pasting comments about project updates.. . Transferring content from one tool to the next†¦ Or sifting through random to-do items scattered in your email inbox Something’s gotta give. Because honestly†¦these mundane tasks (while important) don’t have huge impacts on your bottom line. (And take you away from important, profit-driving projects). #yikes Luckily†¦with Zapier, you can easily set up automatic workflows that put time back on your calendar so you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Stop Jumping Between Your Email Marketing Tool + Keeping track of content for every email campaign is a nightmare, especially when you have to constantly flip between an email marketing tool, like MailChimp, and . The solution? Set up a Zapier integration to create content in any time a new campaign is scheduled in MailChimp. Save your sanity, never lose track of content, and easily manage every email campaign in . Stop Sifting Through Your Emails Nothing’s worse than trying to track down to-do items (in random emails) scattered throughout your inbox. The solution? Set up a Zapier integration between the Zapier Email Parser + to add a new task to anytime your Zapier Email Parser receives a new email! No more email sifting for you, my friend. Stop  Copy/Pasting Between Google Sheets + You LOVE spreadsheets. But you DON’T LOVE having to copy + paste information from your spreadsheet into . Luckilyyou can use a Zapier integration to automatically add tasks, content, and/or projects to anytime a new row is added in Google Sheets! Which means as an avid spreadsheet and user, you can have your cake AND eat it too :) Automation is a BEAUTIFUL thing. Besides putting time back on your calendar†¦ you can STOP getting stuck in the weeds of mundane tasks + duplicate efforts. Which means you can focus on creating content that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. 💠° Managing a marketing team that uses MULTIPLE tools used to be chaos. ;) You’d spend half your day jumping from screen to screen Commenting on the SAME updates in a hundred different places And wasting your precious time on mundane tasks. But with Zapier†¦Ã°Å¸ËœÅ½ It’s easy to sync all your productivity tools in ONE place! Which means you can spend less time worrying about tracking + managing a million different tools†¦ And finally have time to focus on projects that *actually* matter to your business.

Researching a one company and Solving 3 Questions Essay

Researching a one company and Solving 3 Questions - Essay Example McKnight’s management principles were firstly to delegate responsibility and to encourage staff to exercise their initiative and secondly for management to learn to focus on supporting staff who have participated in failed projects move on to something else rather than punishing them (â€Å"McKnight Principles† 5). To reinforce its culture of intrapreneurship 3M has instituted several policies and philosophies. The three that jump out of 3M’s organizational culture are the 15 percent option, tolerance for failure and rewards for success. The 15 percent option give employees authority to 15 percent of their workweek on individual projects of their choice without the need to either disclose or justify it to a manager (Govindarajan and Lang 3). This policy gives 3M staff freedom to be innovative. Tolerance for failure philosophy guarantees employees their jobs and no punishment for a product that fails in the market. On the contrary, 3M has often repeated stories of famous failures that went on to become highly successful products. This policy has the effect of keeping initiative and creativity alive among 3M’s staff. For innovative products that go on to have a breakthrough in the market, 3M acknowledges team member through salary raises, promotions, and recognition. For example the Golden Step award is given to team members if a newly launched product reaches a revenue goal of $2 million in the US or $4 million worldwide (Govindarajan and Lang 3). Better yet the informal recognition given to successful entrepreneurs through stories that convert them from mortals to legends is considered more powerful by 3M staff. The two major benefits that 3M derives from its organizational culture are staff loyalty and product differentiation as the key to commercial success. Staff loyalty is a manifestation of high staff motivation which often leads to increased job performance. Having a highly committed staff 3M’s management find it easy to

Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Law Questions - Essay Example This is different from Public companies where the shares are offered on a public stock exchange (Beatty & Samuelson, 2007). Another advantage would be that to form a Private Limited Company the minimum requirement is to have members with an upper limit of 50. In contrast, public Companies require a minimum of seven members with an unlimited upper limit. They are currently three partners and this is enough to form a Private Limited Company. Changing the business to a Private Limited Company enables the business to be able to source for funds from a wider scope than before. They can still obtain funds from family and friends, but now come into consideration from financial institutions. Companies are able to obtain better loans as they tend to have better credit scores when compared with other forms of business like partnerships. This is similar to Public Companies. The main difference is that Public Companies can raise more funds since their books of account are open to the public. Thi s increases the chances of getting debt financing. In forming a company they will enjoy the benefits of having limited liability, Salomon vs. A. Salomon & Co Ltd (1897). A limited company is limited to the extent of the shares held by each individual shareholder. In the case the company winds up, the only claim creditors can have is to the extent of unpaid up share capital. This is because in law, a company is a legal entity in its own right and is separate from the shareholders (Shtein & Lindgren, 1984). This also enables a continued existence even with the incapacitation of a shareholder (Adams, 2008). In the previous partnership, any event leading to the incapacitation of a single shareholder would have led to winding up of the business. In case they would like to expand further, the upper limit of 50 members enables the company to source for more funds by allowing interested members to subscribe.

Goals of Hinduism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Goals of Hinduism - Essay Example The Vedic texts of Hinduism, also known as the Vedas, are the oldest scriptures of Hinduism and are essential to the practicing of Hinduism. The Vedic texts make up the four Saá ¹Æ'hitÄ s: the Rigveda contains hymns and songs that are meant to be recited by a designated priest; the Yajurveda has various formulas that are also to be recited by a specific priest; the Samaveda also contains formulas, but instead of being recited, these are to be sung by the designated priest; the fourth and final text is the Atharvaveda, which is a collection of spells, incantations, charms, and hymns. In the songs and hymns, each individual verse is also known as a mantra, which can be recited for certain needs or occasions, much as a prayer would be recited in other religions. These various texts are said to have been passed down from numerous gods and goddesses, as it is believed that humans had no part in their creation. Furthermore, they did not originate as texts, but as words that were heard and then written down. Many practitioners of Hinduism preferred, and still do, to memorize the Vedic texts rather than write them down or keep them as a book because they believe there is an importance of remembering sacred words as opposed to looking them up when they are needed. Since there are no direct origins of the texts, there are many branches of Hinduism that do not trust them, and therefore do not use them in their practices. In orthodox branches of Hinduism, the Vedic texts are regarded as their main spiritual authority. ... Ritual is a very important part of Tantra, and is often seen in the form of yoga, which is a sacred practice in Hinduism. The implementing of ritual in the practices of Hinduism allow practitioners to become closer with their gods and goddesses, bringing them closer through a spiritual exercise. By using the divine power, which is also known as prana, that can be found in the Earth and in the bodies of human beings, Hindus are able to use the energy to achieve certain spiritual or physical goals. During these rituals to access the divine energy, it is common for practitioners to use yoga, as previously mentioned, as well as visualizations of specific deities and mantras. All of these tools are used to help center and focus the attention of the practitioner on the goal that they wish to achieve. The sole purpose of tantric exercises and worship is to help a person attain complete control over themselves, as well as every force of nature, to become one with the divine rulers. Tantric exercises must be taught to followers of Hinduism, and their training usually begins with being taught how to meditate, which is often taught and overseen by a guru. Meditation will teach the practitioners how to control their breathing, their thoughts, and the ability to shut themselves off from their surroundings, allowing them to completely focus. After learning how to meditate, practitioners are taught yoga, which teaches how to exercise will over one’s body. From there, the practitioner is able to implement everything into a tantric worship ritual, bringing forth the energy from the Earth and their own body.

Case study II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study II - Assignment Example One of the legal issues they should consider is the business structure. Currently, the business operates as a partnership. This means they should be able to decide the structure that will best suit their expanded business. A decision on this is reached after considering liability issues associated with each business structure; limited partnership or Limited Liability Company. They should also ensure that they get a new license or permit authorizing the operation of the new type of business. This is important because different types of business become operational under different types of licenses1. Contractual relationship is another legal issue to be considered. Hansel and Gretel and their contactors should read through any agreements they make for the new business before acting on them. Since the business operates with contractors, they should also consider disclosure and non-disclosure issues. This means contractors should sign an agreement to protect any confidential information of the business. One of the regulatory issues to be considered before modifying the business is cost. They should be able to meet the financial requirements for the new type of business. Hansel and Gretel should consider how the stability and continuity of the business will be affected by the changes in the business, especially due to structural changes. Control of decisions is another regulatory issue. They should consider to what extend they want to have control over the decisions to be made regarding the business. Hansel and Gretel have to consider financial laws relating to the new type of business for example tax laws and other financial regulations. This includes how the government will tax the new type of business. Various professional advisors give specialized advice regarding business issues. Professional business advisers are selected based on the most critical area that one needs to understand regarding the type of business they want to start.

International human resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International human resourcing - Essay Example it is a decision meant to foster efficiency. Merger occurs when two or more companies undertaking business activities of similar nature come together and combine their operational activities, management and every service delivery tasks (Dorrenbacher, & Geppert, 2011, p.56). This is usually aimed at improving service delivery and creating competitive advantage. By merging with other companies, resources become more available hence production capacity can go higher. Acquisition is yet another strategy which means a larger company purchasing another one, either fully or partially, as a way of increasing its investment. Joint venture is closely related to merger. However, in joint venture companies mobilize resources together to undertake a common venture. This strategy is regarded necessary if the companies are like minded and the nature of business venture will considerably involve large capital investment. For instance, we have the case of EBG which acquired Pancevo and other brewerie s in Moldova, Chisinau, and Ufa in 2003. We also learn that Pancevo underwent nationalization over the era of Tito, which transferred its ownership interest to a given family. Again, this organization which now operated like a company was privatized following poor operating conditions prior to 1991. All these strategies have legal, social and economic implications to the society and the state at large. In our case study, we undertake to look at the legal and social aspects that arise with respect to the above strategies, considering multinationals like Pancevo, Eden Group of Companies, EBG and others that operate in Asian market and other countries (Richmond, & Turton, 2000, p.25). Discussion Generally immaturity of the political body has led to stifling of the institutional pluralism development. While in the area of higher education, appointments of senior academic are still being conducted by the state, a picture similar to that arises in the agency of Serbian privatization where senior employees as well as their policies are seen as the subject of great transmutation. It is without doubt that the major reason behind widespread feeling of anxiety and fear has been the pauperization of the community of Serbia which is faced with a challenge of around 30% unemployment with average wages being marginally higher than subsistence levels. The interference of the system of social benefits that were well established by the administration of Tito, which meant non material and material needs were all granted by the government, has contributed to feelings of isolation and insecurity among the citizens. Living standards deteriorated immensely because under Milosevic business enterprises were maintained open, usually with passive workforces, meant to create means of supporting the regime and keeping social peace (Richmond, & Turton, 2000, pp.34-6). The significant challenge threatening the programs of workers in Serbia is the privatization enactments that were made in a series of laws from the start of 1980s. From 2001, radical ownership restructuring has taken place. This has shocked many nationalities especially the workforce, whose livelihood is pegged into those enterprises. These laws have seen into it that social and state owned business enterprises are transferred into the hands of private sector. These enterprises employed 150000 workers, and their social security future was now at risk. Such is the case

Hofstede on Southwest Airlines Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Hofstede on Southwest Airlines - Assignment Example Rolling King and Herb Kelleher established Southwest Airlines (NYSE: LUV) in 1967. Southwest started operating in 1971, serving intrastate Texas cities, Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. The company achieved break even in two years because of its low-cost model and organizational culture. For the past forty years, Southwest has remained profitable, while other airlines declared losses or bankruptcy. Southwest (2013) boasts that it â€Å"continues to differentiate itself from other carriers with exemplary Customer Service delivered by nearly 46,000 Employees to more than 100 million Customers annually.† The company emphasizes on LUV as its primary motivation in serving its customers. On May 2, 2011, Southwest acquired AirTran Holdings, Inc., and it currently manages AirTran Airways as a wholly-owned subsidiary.Southwest has several notable achievements. It is America’s biggest carrier in terms of originating domestic passengers boarded and, with AirTran added, it has the largest fleet of Boeing aircraft in the globe, as it serves a total of 97 routes in 41 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and six nearby countries (Southwest, 2013). Southwest, furthermore, has â€Å"lower unit costs (adjusted for stage length), on average, than virtually all major domestic airlines and consistently has one of the best overall Customer Service records† (Southwest, 2013). The company is also consistently one of the most admired companies that employees want to work for.... 13) boasts that it â€Å"continues to differentiate itself from other carriers with exemplary Customer Service delivered by nearly 46,000 Employees to more than 100 million Customers annually.† The company emphasises on LUV as its primary motivation in serving its customers. On May 2, 2011, Southwest acquired AirTran Holdings, Inc., and it currently manages AirTran Airways as a wholly-owned subsidiary. Southwest has several notable achievements. It is America’s biggest carrier in terms of originating domestic passengers boarded and, with AirTran added, it has the largest fleet of Boeing aircraft in the globe, as it serves a total of 97 routes in 41 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and six nearby countries (Southwest, 2013). Southwest, furthermore, has â€Å"lower unit costs (adjusted for stage length), on average, than virtually all major domestic airlines and consistently has one of the best overall Customer Service records† (So uthwest, 2013). The company is also consistently one of the most admired companies that employees want to work for. Moreover, Southwest is doing financially well, despite the lasting effects of the 2008 financial crisis. In 2012, Southwest gave $422 million to shareholders through buying back $400 million of common stock (around 46 million shares) and providing $22 million in dividends (Southwest, 2013). Southwest promotes corporate social responsibility. It is committed to â€Å"the triple bottom line of Performance, People, and Planet† (Southwest, 2013). Because of its successful organisational culture and continued profitability, Southwest is one of the most studied organisations in the airline industry. Organisational Culture: Some Definitions Organisational culture has diverse definitions because of

International human resourcing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International human resourcing - Essay Example it is a decision meant to foster efficiency. Merger occurs when two or more companies undertaking business activities of similar nature come together and combine their operational activities, management and every service delivery tasks (Dorrenbacher, & Geppert, 2011, p.56). This is usually aimed at improving service delivery and creating competitive advantage. By merging with other companies, resources become more available hence production capacity can go higher. Acquisition is yet another strategy which means a larger company purchasing another one, either fully or partially, as a way of increasing its investment. Joint venture is closely related to merger. However, in joint venture companies mobilize resources together to undertake a common venture. This strategy is regarded necessary if the companies are like minded and the nature of business venture will considerably involve large capital investment. For instance, we have the case of EBG which acquired Pancevo and other brewerie s in Moldova, Chisinau, and Ufa in 2003. We also learn that Pancevo underwent nationalization over the era of Tito, which transferred its ownership interest to a given family. Again, this organization which now operated like a company was privatized following poor operating conditions prior to 1991. All these strategies have legal, social and economic implications to the society and the state at large. In our case study, we undertake to look at the legal and social aspects that arise with respect to the above strategies, considering multinationals like Pancevo, Eden Group of Companies, EBG and others that operate in Asian market and other countries (Richmond, & Turton, 2000, p.25). Discussion Generally immaturity of the political body has led to stifling of the institutional pluralism development. While in the area of higher education, appointments of senior academic are still being conducted by the state, a picture similar to that arises in the agency of Serbian privatization where senior employees as well as their policies are seen as the subject of great transmutation. It is without doubt that the major reason behind widespread feeling of anxiety and fear has been the pauperization of the community of Serbia which is faced with a challenge of around 30% unemployment with average wages being marginally higher than subsistence levels. The interference of the system of social benefits that were well established by the administration of Tito, which meant non material and material needs were all granted by the government, has contributed to feelings of isolation and insecurity among the citizens. Living standards deteriorated immensely because under Milosevic business enterprises were maintained open, usually with passive workforces, meant to create means of supporting the regime and keeping social peace (Richmond, & Turton, 2000, pp.34-6). The significant challenge threatening the programs of workers in Serbia is the privatization enactments that were made in a series of laws from the start of 1980s. From 2001, radical ownership restructuring has taken place. This has shocked many nationalities especially the workforce, whose livelihood is pegged into those enterprises. These laws have seen into it that social and state owned business enterprises are transferred into the hands of private sector. These enterprises employed 150000 workers, and their social security future was now at risk. Such is the case

Proposal for Student Activity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Proposal for Student Activity - Essay Example This is because powerpoint presentations will only include the main points of the chapter and will help the students quickly overview each chapter. At end of each chapter, they will be instructed to present their .ppt presentations in front of the whole class so that they get to better understand what they have learnt and may remove any confusions and doubts in the question-answer session at the end of each presentation. This will also help them develop their public speaking skills and gain confidence to speak in front of their class fellows and professor. Another advantage is that they will be able to use powerpoint software to make complex presentations in future. This is all about integrating ICT (information and communication technology) in the classroom which fulfils the most modern needs of today’s classrooms in terms of technology. Doing so will also empower the students because they will be able to convey their knowledge and ask questions at the end of every presentati on. Before implementing this proposal, I will distribute a survey among the students to figure out what percentage of them wants to carry out my plan and how many of them are uncomfortable with idea. Those who will not be willing will be asked the reason and the issue will be solved at immediate basis. The only issue that comes to my mind is that some students may not be expert at using computers or the powerpoint software. Teachers will be arranged to give them some classes on this topic so that they are able to make their independent presentations. This is a prerequisite for the eventual succession plan. I am well-suited to carry out this plan since I am very much impressed by the ICT concepts of today’s technological world and I want to equip the students with the most sophisticated means of education and learning. â€Å"ICT has a distinctive contribution to make to the aims of the national curriculum as a whole† (Qualifications and Curriculum Authority). I am also interested to propose student activities for the ‘Office of Student Life’ and will do my best to achieve my succession plans. The Office can surely entrust me with funding for carrying out this plan because I possess character certificates from previous institutions and believe in that honesty is the best policy. I am able to work on a collaborative platform with the fellow officers and can communicate effectively. I can pass on my ideas to others while convincing them with logics and sound arguments. I am also expert in clarifying technical concepts to the non-technical audience and that is why in this proposal I am taking into special consideration those students who are not expert in computers and am proposing that sessions will be arranged to help them out. My activity club will surely give many benefits to the Office and the university as a whole because its mission is to incorporate ICT tools in classrooms and improve student learning. The purpose of introducing I CT in education is to enhance learning and educational activities of students and support the teaching process by means of computers, internet and the latest technologies (Siraj-Blatchford & Siraj-Blatchford 19). According to Saverinus Kaka, â€Å"education sector can be the most effective sector to anticipate and eliminate the negative impact of ICT. Technology (internet) in another side can be the most

Impact of Digitisation on Media Consumption

Impact of Digitisation on Media Consumption How has digitisation changed media consumption? Discuss with reference to at least one specific example. The last decades have brought a revolution on how and where information and entertainment are being delivered. About 13 years ago MySpace was the best source for social networking. Facebook and YouTube did not even exist then. Now Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have things ranging from news, sports, entertainment clips to original creations. However, this is not just about the development of more sources of media but it is about how media are delivered. Today everything we see, hear and read, is digitized. They are a product of those countless 1s and 0s codes. That in turn means, that as far as technology is concerned, it is all the same; print, audio and video have no difference. Every conceivable kind of information comes to us on the same device. If you own a smart phone then you automatically have a phone, a tv screen, a newspaper, a camera, a file holder, a radio and many more. This has shifted the power away from the providers to the users of information. Media gets shaped by t he consumers. Media convergence has encouraged an increase of participatory culture where the consumer is also the producer of media. As a result, participation in media has leaked into politics. The rise of the network society has also led to transformations of social dynamics and interpersonal relationships as well as how individuals relate to institutions. Donald Trumps tweeting demonstrate the notion of relationship shift in three different ways. In order to understand how Trump uses tweets in social media and with what outcome, one needs to be aware of how an individual can change the course of virtual products. Everyone is potentially a producer of media as well as a consumer of media. We live in a world where sharing with each other what we create is mutually rewarding and has an enormous emotional satisfaction. Going back 200 years in history, people struggled with the limits of technology to figure out a way to share their ideas with each other and to communicate effectively across great geographic distances. Middle of the 19th century, teenagers were producing publications using tin-toy printing press, where they had to sit and type letter by letter in order to print something (Leurs, 2017).They would print them and these things would then circulate on a national scale. That is the same impulse that leads kids today to put content on their Facebook page or to make their own song videos for YouTube. This desire to create and share what you create with others is really powerful. Is not an agency or a network that is pushing content to be viewed, but it is the consumer that engages other consumers with that content (Jenkins, Ford and Green, 2013: 2). For instance, on Facebook there is a share button where you can share content with your friends. If your friends like it then they can share it again and so on and this is one of the ways a content can go viral. Consequently, spreadability is all about the choices the consumers make which affects the flow of media through the culture (Jenkins, Ford and Green, 2013: 3-5). Spreadability allows information to flow in an interconnected society. Content does not just move around on its own accord; participatory culture allows media content to spread through multiple active choices (Jenkins, 2006: 3). Individuals have a greater control over the means of cultural production and circulation than ever before. This is because, it is not the creator of a virtual pr oduct that is spreading it to the mass, but it is the masses who are spreading it among one another and their networks. Trumps relationship with the media is complex in three ways. Firsly, Trumps tweets depict how participatory culture is important for the vitality of an individual or a virtual product. According to Castell, network society forms the new architecture of society. Networks have an open structure and are able to expand and contract as necessary.   The communication that occurs across these networks is multidimensional and multidirectional. For instance, during Trumps presidential campaign, in 2016, there was an apparent rise in Trumps tweets. His tweets were then taken out of context and converted to memes. These memes were then uploaded in multiple online pages such as 9Gag and Reddit. Through participatory culture people from all over the world could be part of Trumps presidential campaign. Additionally, people were not only sharing Trumps tweets but someone created a page (www.faketrumpetweet.com) where anyone can create a fake trump tweet and then share it as an actual tweet. There fore, the rise of participatory culture in a network society has led to transformations of social dynamics. Trumps constant controversial Tweets, during his campaign, made him look more like a mass media celebrity rather than a traditional politician. This demonstrates that people were connecting around and through Trump. This was about what the people did. Trump was simply a name attached to participatory culture as large numbers of young people moved for the first time in the political process. Wider culture is now translating politics to popular culture. Trumps constant tweeting proves that politics is moving away from policy discourse and into a more engaged audience. Secodly, Trumps tweets portray the blur lines between real and fake context in the network society. Cultural networks have evolved from the virtual network society and emerged from the industrial age to the information age (Castell). In this transition capitalism is no longer centred on the production of material goods, but on the information and knowledge. Trump has often been criticized for tweeting misleading information. However, not everyone can identify fake news. Pierre Levy, a French philosopher, cultural theorist and media scholar, developed the idea of collective intelligence. Levy argues that in a networked society nobody knows everything (LeÃÅ' vy, 1997: 13).Everybody knows something but there is an enormous array of all kinds of expertise and knowledge out there. Hence, we relay, to some extent, on media to make sense of the world around us. If someone relies on Trumps tweets to receive basic information then this person will not only receive deceptive information bu t a great amount of biasness too. With digitizations advancements, each individual, sitting behind a computer or a tablet, has in their hands more power than any previous generation could imagine. Each individual should make extra effort on social media to try and verify stories before passing them on, especially if they confirm a pre-existing bias. Thirdly, through Trumps tweets the representation of a paradoxical connection with globalization is evident and this allows information to be instantaneously consumed. His lack of globalized thinking is evident in many of his tweets such as America must put its own citizens first, because only then can we truly Make America Great Again! #JointAddress #AmericanSpirit (tweet was posted on Feb. 28, 2017, 9:14 p.m.) is just an example out of the tens. What Trump is trying to do is abandon globalization using globalized means. The nature of the network society, and thus globalization, make it possible for Trump to be accessed by different people in different places at the same time. As a result, social media becomes a meeting point and a place of global scale exchange of opinions and statements.   The difference in a network society is that the process of managing information within social networks is achieved using electronic based technologies. Still, what is interesting with Trumps t weets is that when he tweets it not only spreads throughout social media, but it also gets attention from traditional media (newspapers etc). Thus, he appeals to everyone by starting national as a well as global discussions 140 characters at a time. As a result, societies do not have to be attached to a specific geographic space such as a nation or state, but simply to the space of communication and information flows. Hence, in a way, it should not feel weird that a president tweets this much, because he is communicating in a way that any other person is. Consequently, Donald Trumps tweeting allows power relationships to shift and it makes participatory culture even more evident in the network society. This brings out an outcome where consumers are more intimately involved on how the media landscape looks like. Every minute new layers of content are created. People add their own variance by alternating information, creating new content, or adding on to the spreadability of virtual products. However, it is easy for someone to consume deliberate misinformation via social media. Nonetheless, the process of creating new product, whether they entail real or fake information, keeps on accelerating and expanding, thus, media will continue to create a type value and meaning as it travels across cultures through network societies.   This is because humans correspondingly shape and reshape communications and networks. Finally, Castells theory of the increasing connectedness of human society and our reliance on information and communication te chnologies is an important contribution to our understanding of globalization in the media and Donald Trump is e ultimate participator and reciprocator of his through his tweeting. Citations Jenkins, H. (2004). The Cultural Logic of Media Convergence. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(1), pp.33-43. Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. 1st ed. New York: New York University Press. Jenkins, H., Ford, S. and Green, J. (2013). Spreadable media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. 1st ed. New York: New York University Press. Leurs, L. (2017). 1800-1849: The history of printing during the 19th century. [online] Prepressure. Available at: https://www.prepressure.com/printing/history/1800-1849 [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. LeÃÅ' vy, P. (1997). Collective intelligence: Mankinds Emerging World in Cyberspace. 1st ed. Cambridge, Mass: Perseus Books.

The Roles of Culture, Mothers, and Daughters in Amy Tans The Joy Luck

  Ã‚  Ã‚   "A mother is best. A mother knows what is inside of you," said An-Mei Hsu to her daughter Rose (188). And this is true for all four of the mothers in the Joy Luck Club, by Amy Tan. Unfortunately it was much more complicated than that, because the daughters had minds of their own, to a certain extent, minds that were part American. "The emphasis on honor, obedience, and loyalty among women are immense in this novel" (The Joy Luck Club: An Overview). In America, these characteristics were not emphasized nearly as much – and that is what caused tension between mother and daughter.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The Joy Luck Club was founded by Suyuan Woo, and when she passed away, the Club looked to her daughter Jing-Mei to replace her. Suyuan was a very strong-willed woman who had suffered many hardships. In the process of fleeing from the invading Japanese, she had to abandon her two babies from her first husband. Things like that are what caused her to be so strong, but her daughter was doubtful in her ability to fill the role her mother once played.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Jing-Mei brought much hope to her mother.   Suyuan was very critical of the people around her, so she was especially critical of her daughter. Once, Jing-Mei confronted her about being so critical, saying "people rise to other people’s expectations" (31). Suyuan replayed to her daughter, "That’s the trouble, you never rise. Lazy to get up. Lazy to rise to expectations" (31). And that was the basis of the mother-daughter relationship between Suyuan and Jing-Mei. Suyuan always had very high expectations for her daughter – wanting her to be a child prodigy. She would give Jing-Mei tests on things she would read in magazines, like knowing the capitals of the states or multiplying numbers. Jing-Mei ev... ...ough the daughters possessed different personalities, and the mothers varied in strength, they all had one important thing in common – they all wanted their daughters to listen to them. The mother’s firmly believed that if you were obedient to your mother you would grow up a good Chinese woman – but that was the problem. "One of the major conflicts between the mothers and their daughters is the desire of the young generation to become more Americanized" (Ballantine Teacher’s Guide on The Joy Luck Club). The daughters were raised in America, which meant that they were influenced a great deal by American ways. There was no preventing that. The significance of the relationships between mother and daughter were a result of a clash of culture between Chinese belief and American tradition. WORKS CITED    Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. New York: Random House, 1989.

Biography of Michelangelo Essay example -- Michelangelo Artists Painte

Biography of Michelangelo The second of five brothers, Michelangelo was born on March 6, 1475, at Caprese, in Tuscany, to Ludovico di Leonardo di Buonarotto Simoni and Francesca Neri. The same day, his father noted down: "Today March 6, 1475, a child of the male sex has been born to me and I have named him Michelangelo. He was born on Monday between 4 and 5 in the morning, at Caprese, where I am the Podestà  ." Although born in the small village of Caprese, Michelangelo always considered himself a "son of Florence," as did his father, "a Citizen of Florence." His Childhood and Youth Buonarroti's mother, Francesca Neri, was too sick and frail to nurse Michelangelo, so he was placed with a wet nurse, in a family of stone cutters, where he, "sucked in the craft of hammer and chisel with my foster mother's milk. When I told my father that I wish to be an artist, he flew into a rage, 'artists are laborers, no better than shoemakers." Buonarroti's mother died young, when the child was only six years old. But even before then, Michelangelo's childhood had been grim and lacking in affection, and he was always to retain a taciturn disposition. Touchy and quick to respond with fierce words, he tended to keep to himself, out of shyness according to some but also, according to others, a lack of trust in his fellows. His father soon recognized the boy's intelligence and "anxious for him to learn his letters, sent him to the school of a master, Francesco Galeota from Urbino, who in that time taught grammar." While he studied the principles of Latin, Michelangelo made friends with a student, Francesco Granacci six years older than him, who was learning the art of painting in Ghirlandaio's studio and who encouraged Michelangelo to follow his own artistic vocation. Early Life in Florence. Michelangelo's father, now a minor Florentine official with connections to the ruling Medici family, placed his 13-year-old son in the workshop of the painter Domenico Ghirlandaio. After about one year, Michelangelo went on to study at the sculpture school in the Medici gardens and shortly thereafter was invited into the household of Lorenzo de' Medici *http://www.thais.it/scultura/sch00073.htm*, the Magnificent. There he had an opportunity to converse with the younger Medici, two of whom later became popes (Leo X and Clement VII). He also became acquainted with such humanis... ...e." Michelangelo's Achievements During his long lifetime, Michelangelo was an intimate of princes and popes, from Lorenzo de' Medici to Leo X, Clement VIII, and Pius III (1439-1503), as well as cardinals, painters, and poets. Neither easy to get along with nor easy to understand, he expressed his view of himself and the world even more directly in his poetry *http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/mazzoni/exhibit/treasures/B56.html* than in the other arts. Much of his verse deals with art and the hardships he underwent, or with Neoplatonic philosophy and personal relationships. The great Renaissance poet Ludovico Ariosto wrote succinctly of this famous artist: "Michelangelo was widely awarded the epithet 'divine' because of his extraordinary accomplishments". Two generations of Italian painters and sculptors were impressed by his treatment of the human figure: Raphael, Annabale Carracci, Pontormo, Rosso Fiorention, Sebastiano del Piombo, and Titian. His dome for St. Peter's became the symbol of authority, as well as the m odel, for domes all over the Western world; the majority of state capitol buildings in the U.S., as well as the Capitol in Washington, D.C., are derived from it.

Export data into external source (m3) Essay

Explain the Impact of Organisational Policies on the Troubleshooting and Repair Process (P1) Referring to the policies related to the College’s network. Produce an audio recording for the Network manager to explain the impact of their organisational policies on the troubleshooting and repair process. Introduction In this documents, I am going to be explaining the impact of organisational policies on the troubleshooting and repair process, I am going to be talking about the organisational policies, such as considerations e.g. security, costs, systems downtime, disruption, resource allocation, prioritisation, contractual requirements, trend analysis, escalation procedures, documentation, reporting, contractual legal issues. Organisational Policies An organisational policy is expected to do many things. Primarily it should protect people and information, as well as set the rules for expected behaviour by users, system administrators, management and security personnel. It should also authorise relevant personnel to monitor, probe, investigate, define and authorise the consequences of violations, in addition to defining the company’s baseline stance on security. This can help minimise risk and help track compliance with appropriate regulations. Security This policy is mainly responsible for making sure that all the security detail such as password and user accounts are secure so you have to make sure that you are the only person that uses the account. IT systems Acceptable usage policy requires from users to log off the computer as inappropriate people could get the access to the data that they shouldn’t. The user also shouldn’t install the unauthorized software as this could lead to the issues such as making the equipment unusable by affecting it performance. The users also have to make sure that the equipment is secure during the use of it and after. The users within college are not allowed to connect they own device to the college network if they don’t get authorization from the IT Manager. Costs In term of costs the members of the staff has to make sure that they examine all the purchasing and introduce the environmental criteria to make sure that the equipment meets all the requirements and condition. They are also required to research on the equipment that they are purchasing to make sure that there is no alternatives with are better or cheaper. They also have to encourage the use of recycled paper to make sure that people don’t use it in inappropriate reasons that are not associated with the course as they are spending the college money. If the potential user with in this case is the student brake the equipment the staff have to make sure that it was reported and the person that did it will have to pay back the money for it. Systems Downtime System downtime is usually affected by many issues but they all can be prevented if the right procedures have been taken and the staffs fallow all the legislations. In this case people have to make sure that they have the right equipment for example server. They also should make regular backups so student and teachers work don’t get lost. The regular maintainer should be taken at the end of each week. System downtime could cause a lot of damage as if the system would be down user wouldn’t be able to perform they daily routine. Disruption Disruption is when something unexpected happened and person responsible for that area is not preparing for it. Organization such as College should have plan for everything so in case that something happen they have solution to repair it and prevents it from happening. For example if users lose they work organization should back them up. In order to back the files up they would have to be prepare for this to happen. Resource Allocation All the resources should be right allocated. This mean that there shouldn’t be too much of resources for one place for example you cannot add too much of the paper for the printer as the printer could damage the paper if there are too many resources than it should be the company could lose a lot of money as they might spend money on the unimportant resources. Resources should be well balanced so if the resources are not needed they shouldn’t been used. Prioritisation The company should prioritize some of the aspect when performing repair as they might be more important and they should be repaired first. For example if network is down and at the same time printer is not working. The person that perform repair should concentrate on repairing network instead of printer as without network printer would be useless. Contractual Requirements In a company, the support team staff would be required to work shifts that will provide coverage for the employees when the offices are officially opened, they will also need to provide extra time in the evening and weekends, where they will carry out the essential maintenance which may have to involve some downtime. The hours that an employee will have to work will be set out for them in what is called an employment contract. They will be limited by the EU legislation and some other regulations such as working time regulations, which will provide the basic right and protections such as: A worker can be required to work at most an average of 48 hours a week (though workers can choose to work more if they want to). For night workers there is a limit of an average of 8 hours worked in 24. Night workers are entitled to receive free health assessments. All staff are entitled to 11 hours of rest a day and to one day off each week. When the working day is longer than 6 hours, workers must have an in-work rest break. Workers are entitled to 4 weeks of paid leave per year. These protections may or may not be in place. You should check your contract to find out any special conditions of service before signing. Trend Analysis The records that are kept of incidents and how these are dealt with can provide useful data how successfully the support team are running, so an organisational policy will decide the frequency of analysis and of data and exactly what type of data has to be recorded by the IT supporting team. Trends can then be identified which will then help with the formulation of the plans to provide better and more reliable hardware and software package, it may then also be used to target a form of training for the users who will need them the most. Trend analysis can then also be used to re-allocate budgets and resources to identify the hotspots. Escalation Procedures An escalation process in different support establishments vary depending on the type of service that they have. In a technical support group, this involves setting up thresholds for certain issues to be addressed at certain levels. Typically it is a tiered setup. For example, Tier 1 can handle issues that can be easily resolved by just a phone call and when the Tier1 representative feels that the issue cannot be resolved at his level (if for example the problem cannot be resolved by their team alone and needs to be addressed by other support teams/departments with higher level of authority) it is then escalated or moved to the next higher team. This way the issues are segregated depending on their severity and type of resolution. Documentation The procedures of documentation vary from one sector, or one type, to another. In general, these may involve document drafting, formatting, submitting, reviewing, approving, distributing, reposting and tracking, etc., and are convened by associated SOPs in a regulatory industry. Since a key step in the process management journey is the documentation of current processes and any exceptions to those processes, this article explores how to create a template for your process documentation guide. A template makes the process of documenting your processes repeatable. Repeatable is the word to remember here primary aspects of a process documentation guide should be easily duplicated and reused to create additional guides after the first process has been documented. This repeatability feature makes it less painful to create your documentation as you move through all the processes in an organization. It also provides readers with a common format to follow as they research or review processes within your organization. Reporting Reporting may seem like a simple exercise in transparency but it is more than that. In fact, it gives management an additional opportunity for improvement, through readers’ reactions, criticisms and suggestions. Considering stakeholder views also helps to shape strategy, goals and objectives. All the inputs from direct stakeholders should be carefully reviewed as part of a management learning process to adapt and fine-tune the company’s sustainable development objectives. Contractual Legal Issues Regardless of whether you use an agency or not, you will require some  knowledge of contract law and the ability to negotiate a suitable agreement. IR35 should be at the forefront of your mind throughout this process if you are to keep as much as possible of your pay packet out of the clutches of the taxman. On the most basic level, any agreement reached with a client must make clear that you are a contractor and not an employee. This distinction should be clear in both the contract and your modus operandi. Primarily, your contract should define exactly what you are agreeing to do for the client. In contrast to an employee, whose work may not be defined at all in the contract, you must make sure that the document clearly lays out the service or services that you are to provide. Conclusion So in conclusion, this document has been explaining the impact of organisational policies on the troubleshooting and repair process, I am going to be talking about the organisational policies, such as considerations e.g. security, costs, systems downtime, disruption, resource allocation, prioritisation, contractual requirements, trend analysis, escalation procedures, documentation, reporting, contractual legal issues. Hopefully, this would help an organisation in the process of troubleshooting and repair.

Causes of Global Warming

Natural causes of global warming include the release of methane gas from arctic tundra and wetlands, climate change, volcanoes etc. Methane, a greenhouse gas which traps the heat within the earth's atmosphere, is let out in large quantities in the arctic tundra and wetlands. In case of volcanoes, when a volcano erupts, tons of ash is let out into the atmosphere. Even though nature contributes to global warming, this contribution is very insignificant when compared to human contribution for this hazard. Anthropogenic Causes. Anthropogenic causes for global warming are those which are caused due to human activities. The most prominent cause being man-made pollution. A large part of this pollution can be attributed to the burning of fossil fuels. This includes burning coal to produce electricity as well as burning gasoline to power internal combustion engine vehicles. When these fossil fuels are burnt, they let out carbon dioxide, which is yet another greenhouse gas which traps heat within the atmosphere of the Earth and contributes to global warming. Secondly when the Earth is dug to extract these fossil fuels in the process known as mining, the methane inside the Earth's crust escapes into the atmosphere and adds to other greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. If we start investigating the anthropogenic causes of global warming, we zero in on one of the most important cause of global warming – population. More population means more requirements, which includes food, electricity and transport. In order to fulfill these requirements, more fossil fuels are consumed, which eventually leads to global warming. Humans breathe out carbon dioxide, and with an increasing population, the amount of carbon dioxide humans breathe out also increases and leads to global warming. Even agriculture contributes to global warming, owing to the extensive use of fertilizers, and the dung produced by cattle which is another prominent source of methane. These were just a few of the numerous global warming causes. Many people argue that global warming is a slow process, But they forget that the factors which cause global warming are rapidly rising. The rate at which we are contributing to global warming has rose considerably, and is expected to rise at a faster rate in the future. We have already done enough of damage, and hence it's high time we understand the global warming causes, we may not live to face the dreaded consequences of global warming, but if we don't act fast, it will be our future generations who will have to bear the brunt.